Author: Anwesha Acharya & Dr. Rashmi Raikumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400001
Abstract: Arthur Miller’s All My Sons (1947) is a powerful modern American drama that examines the complex relationship between individual identity, social expectations, family responsibility, and moral consciousness. Set in the aftermath of the Second World War, the play presents the Keller family as a microcosm of a society struggling to reconcile private interests with collective responsibility. Joe Keller constructs his identity around the ideals of economic success, family loyalty, and social respectability, yet his involvement in the production and shipment of defective aircraft engine parts exposes the moral contradictions underlying that identity. Chris Keller, in contrast, struggles to develop an identity based on idealism, responsibility, and the values of the war generation. The conflict between Joe and Chris therefore reflects a larger tension between individual self-interest and social morality. Kate Keller’s identity is similarly shaped by denial, grief, and her desperate attachment to the belief that Larry is still alive, while Ann Deever must confront the social consequences of her father’s actions and the stigma attached to her family. Through these characters, Miller demonstrates how identity is socially constructed and how individuals struggle when personal desires conflict with ethical responsibility. The present article critically examines society, identity, family relationships, moral responsibility, and individual struggle in All My Sons, arguing that Miller transforms a domestic tragedy into a broader critique of American social values and the consequences of placing private interests above collective human responsibility.
Keywords: Arthur Miller, All My Sons, Identity, Society, Individual Struggle, Moral Responsibility, American Drama.
Page No: 1-9
Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Mandal
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400002
Abstract: The formation of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) in 1951 marked a significant moment in the political history of independent India. Established under the leadership of Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, the party emerged as an alternative political force representing a distinctive vision of nationalism, cultural identity, economic development, and national integration. At a time when the Indian National Congress dominated political life, the Jana Sangh sought to provide a platform for those who believed that India’s civilizational heritage should occupy a central position in the country’s political discourse. This article examines the origins of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the ideological foundations of its formation, Dr. Mukherjee’s political philosophy, and his enduring legacy in Indian public life. It argues that Mukherjee’s contribution extended beyond the creation of a political party; he helped shape a long-term ideological movement that influenced the development of Indian politics in the decades that followed.
Keywords: Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Indian Nationalism, Political History, Hindu Nationalism, National Integration, Bharatiya Janata Party
Page No: 10-16
Author: Anwita Ishwar & Dr. Savita Mishra
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400003
Abstract: The goal of education is to foster growth in both people and communities. Life Skills Education as defined by the UNICEF (2005) is “a behaviour change or behaviour development approach designed to address a balance of areas; knowledge, attitude and skills.” Life Skills education is a programme that promotes positive health choice, making informed decisions, practicing health behaviour, recognizing and avoiding risky situations and behaviour. Life skills education is the dissemination and teaching of relevant knowledge, Attitudes, values and social and psychological skills to an individual to enable him/her develop their full potentials.The purpose of this research is to evaluate how different demographics, such as gender, academic standing, and region, influence teachers’ perspectives towards life skill education. For this purpose, the researcher has taken sample of 60 teacher educators from 4 colleges from Siliguri. “Data were collected by self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 36 items with the response of 1= strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Agree and 4= Strongly agree. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS 20 version software. Descriptive statistics and t test have used for hypothesis testing”. Findings of the study indicated that there is no significant difference in the attitude towards life skill education in respect of gender, category and living place.
Keywords: Living Place, Teaching, Life Skill Education, Secondary School Teachers.
Page No: 17-23
Author: Gouranga Ghorai & Dr. Ramjee Singh Yadav
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400004
Abstract: Teacher professionalism and competency are fundamental to the quality and effectiveness of education. In West Bengal, teachers work within a diverse educational environment that includes government, government-aided, private, and teacher education institutions. Changes in curriculum, educational technology, assessment practices, inclusive education, competency-based learning, and professional expectations have increased the need for teachers to continuously develop their professional knowledge and skills. The present article reviews the concepts of teacher professionalism and competency and examines their significance within the educational context of West Bengal. The article considers professional knowledge, pedagogical competence, ethical practice, communication, classroom management, assessment literacy, digital competency, reflective practice, professional commitment, collaboration, and continuous professional development as major dimensions of teacher competency. It also discusses institutional and contextual factors affecting teacher professionalism, including working conditions, professional autonomy, leadership, workload, professional development opportunities, and institutional support. Existing research suggests that teacher competency is closely connected with job satisfaction, professional development, institutional climate, and professional commitment. The article argues that strengthening teacher professionalism requires more than improving individual teacher skills; it requires supportive institutional environments and continuous opportunities for professional learning. The article concludes with suggestions for improving teacher professionalism and competency through systematic professional development, mentoring, research engagement, technology integration, collaborative learning, supportive leadership, and effective professional standards.
Keywords: Teacher Professionalism, Teacher Competency, Professional Development, Teacher Education, West Bengal, Teacher Educators, Professional Ethics, Teaching Effectiveness.
Page No: 24-36
Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400005
Abstract: The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed the landscape of educational research. Digital learning platforms, artificial intelligence, online surveys, learning analytics, social media, virtual environments, and large-scale digital datasets have created new possibilities for generating and analysing educational evidence. At the same time, these developments have introduced methodological, ethical, technological, and professional challenges for educational researchers. This qualitative study examines the changing nature of educational research in the digital age, with particular attention to emerging methodologies, ethical challenges, and researcher competencies. A qualitative documentary research design was employed using scholarly literature, research-methodology publications, policy documents, and international frameworks concerning digital research, artificial intelligence, learning analytics, research ethics, and research capacity. Four objectives guided the analysis: examining emerging methodologies in digital educational research; analysing opportunities created by digital technologies; identifying methodological and ethical challenges; and suggesting competencies required by contemporary educational researchers. The findings indicate that digital technologies have expanded the possibilities of mixed methods, online qualitative inquiry, learning analytics, digital ethnography, computational analysis, artificial intelligence-assisted research, and multimodal data analysis. However, questions concerning informed consent, privacy, data ownership, algorithmic bias, digital exclusion, researcher competence, reproducibility, and responsible use of artificial intelligence remain significant. The study argues that technological proficiency alone is insufficient for contemporary educational researchers. Researchers require methodological flexibility, digital literacy, statistical and qualitative analytical competence, ethical awareness, critical AI literacy, interdisciplinary understanding, and strong reflexivity. The study concludes that the future of educational research lies not in replacing conventional research approaches with digital technologies but in developing ethically grounded, methodologically pluralistic, and critically informed research practices.
Keywords: Educational Research; Digital Research; Research Methodology; Artificial Intelligence; Research Ethics; Researcher Competencies; Digital Education.
Page No: 37-45
Author:Syed Rashida Abbas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400006
Abstract(सारांश): शिक्षा किसी भी समाज के सामाजिक, आर्थिक एवं सांस्कृतिक विकास का प्रमुख आधार है। भारत के संविधान में प्रत्येक बालक एवं बालिका को समान शिक्षा का अधिकार प्रदान किया गया है। इसके बावजूद आज भी आदिवासी क्षेत्रों में रहने वाली बालिकाएं गुणवत्तापूर्ण प्राथमिक शिक्षा से वंचित हैं। झारखण्ड के राँची जिले में आज भी आदिवासी समुदाय की पर्याप्त जनसंख्या निवास करती है, जहां बालिकाओं की शिक्षा अनेक सामाजिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा विद्यालीय समस्याओं से प्रभावित होती रहती है। गरीबी, अभिभावक की अशिक्षा, विद्यालय की दूरी, बालश्रम, घरेलू कामों का बोझ, लैंगिक असमानता जैसी समस्याएं बालिकाओं की नियमित उपस्थिति और शैक्षिक उपलब्धि पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालती हैं।प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य आदिवासी बालिकाओं बालिकाओं की प्राथमिक शिक्षा में आने वाली प्रमुख बाधा की पहचान करना तथा उनके समाधान के लिए व्यावहारिक सुझाव प्रस्तुत करना। अध्ययन में वर्णनात्मक शोध पद्धति का प्रयोग किया गया है। प्राथमिक एवं द्वितीयक दोनों प्रकार के आंकड़ों का उपयोग किया गया है। अध्ययन में यह स्पष्ट होता है कि यदि विद्यालयीय सुविधाओं में सुधार, अभिभावकों में जागरूकता, आर्थिक सहयोग तथा सरकारी योजनाओं का प्रभावी क्रियान्वयन सुनिश्चित किया जाये तो आदिवासी बालिकाओं की शिक्षा में सुधार सम्भव है।
Keywords(कुंजी शब्द): शिक्षा, समाज, आदिवासी, बालिका, राँची, देश।
Page No: 46-53
Author: Prodyut Mondal & Dr. Pawan Kumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400007
Abstract: Environmental sustainability has emerged as a fundamental condition for achieving inclusive and sustainable development. Economic growth, poverty reduction, social well-being and environmental protection are increasingly interconnected, as ecological degradation can undermine livelihoods, health, food security, access to natural resources and the resilience of vulnerable populations. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognize this interdependence by integrating economic, social and environmental dimensions within a universal development framework. However, persistent climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, resource depletion and unsustainable patterns of production and consumption continue to threaten development gains. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has emphasized that climate impacts, poverty and inequality can reinforce one another, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities and constraining opportunities for sustainable development (IPCC, 2022). Similarly, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 2024) has highlighted the increasing pressure of resource extraction and the unequal distribution of environmental impacts. Against this background, the present conceptual article examines environmental sustainability as a foundation for inclusive and sustainable development. It discusses the relationship between environmental sustainability and poverty reduction, social equity, public health, sustainable livelihoods, economic resilience, gender equality and intergenerational justice. The article also identifies major challenges and proposes strategies based on green economic transformation, circular economy, renewable energy, sustainable resource management, environmental education, inclusive governance and climate-resilient development. The article argues that environmental sustainability should not be treated merely as an environmental policy objective but as a central development principle capable of supporting equitable prosperity and long-term human well-being.
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, Inclusive Development, Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Social Equity, Green Economy, Sustainable Livelihoods, Circular Economy.
Page No: 54-63
Author: Soummyadip Mandal & Dr. Rachna Kumari
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400008
Abstract: Sports merchandise has evolved from a supplementary source of revenue into an important component of contemporary sports marketing and fan relationship management. Jerseys, footwear, accessories, collectibles, digital products, and licensed products increasingly function not only as commercial goods but also as symbols of team identification, social identity, lifestyle, and emotional attachment. This conceptual research article examines emerging trends in consumer behaviour related to sports merchandise and explores their implications for sports marketing. The study is based on secondary sources, including scholarly literature on sport consumer behaviour, team identification, fan engagement, brand loyalty, ecommerce, social media, and digital consumption. The review indicates that sports merchandise purchasing is influenced by psychological attachment, perceived consumer value, symbolic consumption, team performance, fan engagement, product characteristics, price, convenience, and social influence. Recent developments have further transformed purchasing behaviour through online fan shops, social media marketing, influencer promotion, personalized products, mobile commerce, limited-edition releases, and emerging digital assets. Evidence suggests that team identification has a substantial relationship with merchandise purchase intentions, while fan engagement and symbolic consumption can strengthen consumer loyalty. The article argues that sports organizations should move from product-centred merchandising toward consumer-centred and relationship-oriented strategies. Personalization, digital integration, authentic storytelling, community building, data-driven marketing, and responsible commercialization are identified as major strategic priorities. The study concludes that understanding the emotional, social, symbolic, and digital dimensions of sports consumption is essential for developing sustainable merchandise strategies and strengthening long-term relationships between sports brands and consumers.
Keywords: Consumer Behaviour, Sports Merchandise, Sports Marketing, Fan Engagement, Team Identification, Brand Loyalty, E-Commerce, Social Media, Sports Branding, Digital Consumption.
Page No: 64-71
Author: Quanta Saikia
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400009
Abstract: The impact of psychological trauma in childhood is now recognised as a significant adversive childhood factor that contributes to emotional/behavioural, interpersonal and social problems in adolescence. Childhood adversities like physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, domestic violence, parental separation, family dysfunction and community violence can impact on healthy functioning in the psychological system and lead to maladaptive coping. This paper conducts a critical review of theoretical and empirical research on the link between psychological trauma in childhood and delinquency committed by adolescents. Special focus is on adverse childhood experiences, emotional regulation, disrupted attachment, social learning, cumulative adversity, and interplay between individual and environmental risk factors. The review does not regard trauma as a causal factor of juvenile delinquency. Rather, trauma is seen as being part of a spectrum of developmental factors, such as psychological vulnerability, family factors, peer and school factors, socioeconomic conditions, and community factors. These pathways can be interrupted by protective relationships, resilience, school engagement and counselling, family support and trauma informed interventions. The paper thus calls for a child-centred and trauma-informed approach to juvenile justice, education, child protection and mental health systems, and maintains the importance of holding accountable and keeping people safe.
Keywords: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Childhood Trauma, Emotional Dysregulation, Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Justice, Psychological Trauma, And Adolescent Offending.
Page No: 72-81
Author: Dr. Anil Kumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400010
Abstract: Education is the ‘third eye’ of a person. It gives him insight into all affairs. It teaches him how to act justly and rightly. It leads him to realize the true significance of life. It removes darkness and shatters illusion. Teachers are the most important input of any educational system The goal of every member of the teaching profession is good teaching. Today teaching means the understanding and guiding of children as individuals and as groups. (1970, William C. Morse & G. Maxwingo). A good teacher is someone who is considered as warm, understanding, friendly, responsible, business like, systematic, stimulating, imaginative and surgent. Thus, for Teacher Education Colleges it becomes imperative to know if the candidates will become good teachers in the future. Apart from the characteristics given above of a good teacher, there are two more factors which play an important role in determining if the candidate will become a good teacher i.e. aptitude and interest. The objectives of the study to assess B.Ed. teacher trainees in the teaching in relation to educational qualification and academic stream variations. The findings of the study are the trainee teachers do not display equal level of interest pattern towards teaching, there does not exist significant difference in interest pattern of teacher trainees in relation to educational qualification and academic stream variations.
Keywords: Teaching interest, Prospective teachers, Quality of Education, Competencies of teachers and Aptitude of teaching.
Page No: 82-88
Author: Prof. (Dr.) Shamma Chakraborty & Ms. Laxmi Hembrom
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030400011
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of gender on the academic achievement of secondary-level Scheduled Tribe (ST) students studying in West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. Scheduled Tribe students constitute an important section of the educational population of Jharkhand, and their educational development is closely related to social, economic, cultural and institutional factors. The study particularly focuses on whether male and female ST students differ significantly in their academic achievement at the secondary level. A descriptive survey research method was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 200 secondary-level Scheduled Tribe students selected from schools of West Singhbhum district, comprising 100 boys and 100 girls. Academic achievement was assessed on the basis of students’ academic performance/achievement scores obtained through the prescribed procedure of the study. The data were proposed to be analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent-samples t-test to determine the significance of the difference between male and female students. The study is expected to provide empirical evidence regarding gender differences in the academic achievement of tribal students and may help teachers, school administrators and educational planners develop gender-sensitive educational interventions. Previous research has reported mixed findings concerning gender differences in the academic achievement of tribal and other disadvantaged students. Therefore, a district-specific investigation in West Singhbhum is significant.
Keywords: Academic Achievement, Gender, Scheduled Tribe, Secondary Education, Tribal Students, Economic, Cultural.
Page No: 89-97