Author: Dr. Dhirendra Nath Ghosh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200001
Abstract: The Gupta period is regarded as one of the most significant phases in ancient Indian history because of its socio-economic development and cultural achievements. This study examines the socioeconomic changes during the Gupta age with special focus on trade, agriculture and urban development. Agriculture formed the foundation of the Gupta economy, and expansion of cultivation, irrigation and land grants strengthened rural production and revenue collection. Trade and commerce developed through internal markets and overseas connections with Southeast Asia, China and parts of the Roman world. Merchants and guilds played an important role in economic activities, craft production and urban growth. Urban centers such as Pataliputra, Ujjain and Mathura became important centers of trade, administration and culture (Sharma, 2005). The study also examines the impact of land grants, taxation and social hierarchy on Gupta society. Historical evidence from inscriptions, coins, literary texts and archaeological findings shows that the Gupta period experienced both economic prosperity and structural changes in society. The study concludes that the socio-economic developments of the Gupta age played a major role in shaping the economic and cultural foundations of later Indian history (Thapar, 2002).
Keywords: Gupta Period, Agriculture, Trade and Commerce, Urbanization, Socio-Economic Changes.
Page No: 1-14
Author: Marina Khatun
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200002
Abstract: Land use patterns, agricultural production, environmental sustainability, and socioeconomic growth in rural areas are all significantly influenced by vegetative cover. An exceptional illustration of how natural vegetation, agricultural land, woodland patches, wetlands, and human settlements interact to produce the regional landscape may be found in the northern West Bengal district of Dakshin Dinajpur. With rich alluvial soils, widespread farming, and little forest cover, the district is primarily agricultural. Through soil protection, moisture retention, biodiversity support, and agricultural appropriateness, vegetation affects how land is used. By examining the physical environment, agricultural methods, forest distribution, settlement expansion, and environmental challenges, this paper investigates the relationship between vegetative cover and land use patterns in Dakshin Dinajpur. The study’s foundation is secondary data gathered from pertinent academic literature, district statistical handbooks, and government records. The results show that the district’s traditional vegetative landscape has changed due to population pressure, infrastructure development, and agricultural expansion. Nonetheless, vegetation still affects land capability, ecological balance, cropping intensity, and settlement dispersion. In order to ensure environmental conservation and balanced regional growth, the study emphasizes the significance of integrated land use planning, social forestry, and sustainable vegetation management.
Keywords: Agricultural Production, Environmental Sustainability, Socioeconomic Growth, Natural Vegetation, Agricultural Land, Woodland Patches, Wetlands, Agricultural Methods, Dakshin Dinajpur.
Page No: 15-24
Author: Dr. Santoshi Bhagat
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200003
Abstract: From the early modern era until the eighteenth century, Bengal’s silk industry played a significant role in South Asian and international trade. Bengal became a vital supplier to both domestic and foreign markets because of its reputation for producing highquality raw silk and silk fabrics. But under British colonial control, the structure of labor, trade, and silk manufacturing underwent significant changes in the nineteenth century. This article explores the historical development of Bengal’s silk industry between tradition and modernity, examining the effects of global market integration, technological advancements, colonial economic policies, and changing production patterns. The study contends that Bengal’s silk industry underwent a complicated process of restructuring in which ancient practices coexisted with new commercial and industrial pressures, rather than viewing the nineteenth century as merely a time of decline. The essay illustrates how producers and merchants adjust to shifting economic situations by looking at labor relations, manufacturing, trade networks, and sericulture. The history of Bengal silk sheds light on larger processes of industrial development, colonial transformation, and international economic integration in South Asia during the nineteenth century.
Keywords: Bengal silk, sericulture, colonial economy, industrial change, trade networks, nineteenth century, British India.
Page No: 25-31
Author: Samir Mandal
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200004
Abstract: Parental attitudes play a pivotal role in shaping girls’ educational trajectories, particularly among marginalized communities such as Scheduled Castes (SCs) in India. This study investigates the determinants influencing SC parents’ attitudes toward their daughters’ continuation in education beyond the secondary level. Conducted in Purulia district, West Bengal, the research examines the interplay of socio-economic status, parental literacy, cultural norms, and structural factors such as school accessibility and infrastructure. Using a mixedmethod approach, the study identifies key barriers, including economic hardship, patriarchal expectations, and limited awareness of educational benefits, as well as facilitators such as government schemes, maternal support, and community awareness. Findings underscore the complex interrelationship between socio-cultural, economic, and structural determinants in shaping parental support for girls’ higher education. The study offers insights for policymakers, educators, and community stakeholders to design contextually relevant interventions that enhance parental encouragement, reduce gender disparities, and promote inclusive educational development.
Keywords: Scheduled Castes, Parental Attitude, Girls’ Education, Socio-Economic Status, Educational Continuation
Page No: 32-36
Author: Dr. Bimal Mandal
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200005
Abstract: The present study explores the continuity and educational relevance of the teachings embodied in The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna within the context of contemporary education. In an era marked by rapid technological advancement, moral uncertainty, social fragmentation, and increasing materialism, there is a growing need for an educational framework that promotes holistic human development. Sri Ramakrishna’s teachings, though primarily spiritual in nature, contain profound educational implications related to character formation, value cultivation, self-realization, religious harmony, and humanistic development.
The study adopts a qualitative and philosophical research approach based on documentary and content analysis of primary and secondary sources. It critically examines the educational principles reflected in The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna and analyzes their continuity in modern educational thought, particularly in the areas of value education, inclusive education, and holistic personality development. The investigation further explores the relevance of Sri Ramakrishna’s ideals of truth, compassion, universalism, and spiritual awakening in addressing contemporary educational challenges.
The findings reveal that Sri Ramakrishna’s teachings provide a strong foundation for an inclusive, valueoriented, and transformative educational framework. The study concludes that his Gospel continues to inspire educational thought by emphasizing the harmonious development of intellectual, moral, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of human personality, thereby contributing significantly to the creation of a humane and ethically grounded educational system in the twenty-first century.
Keywords: Sri Ramakrishna’s Gospel, Value Education, Holistic Development, Character Formation, Transformative Education.
Page No: 37-47
Author: Dr. M. Panneer
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200006
Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral component of modern education, significantly influencing teaching–learning processes in teacher education institutions. The present study investigates the level of awareness and adoption of ICT among B.Ed. students in Colleges of Education. A descriptive survey method was employed, and data were collected from a representative sample of student teachers using a structured questionnaire. The study further highlights that although students show a positive attitude towards integrating ICT in education, there is a need for systematic training programs to improve their competency and confidence in using digital tools. Strengthening ICT infrastructure and incorporating technology-based pedagogical practices in teacher education curriculum can significantly enhance adoption levels.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Teaching–Learning Processes, Teacher Education.
Page No: 48-55
Author: Dr. S. Karunanithi
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200007
Abstract: The present study attempts to find out the ICT Knowledge of higher secondary school teachers of Thanjavur district. Knowledge of ICT and use of ICT skills in teaching and learning have become imperative for today’s teachers. ICT integration in institutions is being perceived as a necessity and is growing exponentially. The pervasive use of technology in all spheres of life, the knowledge economy and the paradigm shift together, generate demands on the institutions to adopt ways that help inculcate 21st century skills amongst students. In order to integrate ICT in school education, the first need is to study and assess the teachers ICT knowledge. So, the present study has high need and importance. The present study has been done so as to study the ICT Knowledge of the higher secondary school teachers. Random sampling technique has been used in the selection of the sample of as many as 529 higher secondary school teachers. The ICT Knowledge Test (ICTKT) constructed and validated by Rajasekar, S., (2014) has been distributed to them and the responses were collected and computed according to the objectives framed. The findings of the study revealed that the higher secondary school teachers shows an average level of ICT knowledge and the same trend has been seen in respect of the sub-samples, too.
Keywords: ICT Knowledge, Higher Secondary School Teachers.
Page No: 56-59
Author: Dr. V. Jelsia Jabamani
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200008
Abstract: The integration of digital technology in higher education has transformed traditional teaching and learning practices, creating new opportunities for academic engagement, instructional effectiveness, and professional development among teachers. In the contemporary educational landscape, teachers at the higher education level increasingly rely on digital tools and platforms for lesson planning, content delivery, assessment, research supervision, communication, and collaborative learning. Technologies such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), virtual classrooms, multimedia presentations, online assessment tools, educational applications, and artificial intelligence-based learning resources have significantly enhanced pedagogical practices. Digital technology not only supports innovative teaching strategies but also promotes learner-centered education, flexibility, accessibility, and continuous academic improvement. However, successful integration also depends on teachers’ digital competence, institutional support, infrastructure availability, and positive attitudes toward technological adoption. Challenges such as inadequate training, resistance to change, technical limitations, and digital divide issues continue to affect effective implementation. This conceptual paper examines the academic use of digital technology among teachers in higher education, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and strategic implications for improving teaching quality and educational outcomes. The paper emphasizes the need for sustainable digital pedagogical practices to strengthen higher education systems in the evolving knowledge society.
Keywords: Digital Technology, Higher Education, Teachers, Digital Pedagogy, Teaching-Learning Process, Educational Technology, Faculty Development, Academic Practices
Page No: 60-71
Author: Tanay Kumar Khalua
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200009
Abstract: The position of women in Ancient India has been a subject of extensive historical and sociological inquiry. Ancient Indian society witnessed significant variations in the status, rights, and roles of women across different historical periods. While the early Vedic age is often characterized by relatively greater freedom, educational opportunities, and social participation for women, subsequent periods experienced a gradual decline in their status due to changing social, religious, and economic structures. Women played important roles in family life, religious practices, education, literature, and governance. However, patriarchal norms, restrictions on education, child marriage, and limitations on property rights increasingly influenced their lives in later periods. This article examines the position of women in Ancient India by analyzing their social, educational, economic, religious, and political status. It further explores the factors responsible for changes in women’s status and highlights the contributions of notable women in ancient Indian civilization.
Keywords: Women, Ancient India, Vedic Period, Social Status, Education, Gender Relations, Patriarchy, Indian Society.
Page No: 72-78
Author: Arunabha Mandal & Dr. Anil Prasad Yadav
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200010
Abstract: Participative management has emerged as a significant organizational approach that encourages employees to contribute to decision-making processes and organizational governance. In modern organizations, where employee engagement, innovation, and productivity are critical for success, participative management serves as a powerful tool for enhancing employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. Beyond its operational benefits, participative management has profound psychological implications for employees. It influences motivation, job satisfaction, self-esteem, organizational commitment, stress levels, and overall psychological well-being. Employees who are actively involved in organizational decisions often experience a stronger sense of belonging, empowerment, and professional fulfillment. This article examines the concept of participative management and explores its psychological impact on employees. The discussion highlights the theoretical foundations, positive outcomes, challenges, and implications of participative management in contemporary organizations.
Keywords: Participative Management, Employee Psychology, Job Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment, Empowerment, Workplace Well-being.
Page No: 79-85
Author: Jhuma Deb
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200011
Abstract: Creative thinking is a fundamental cognitive ability that enables individuals to generate original, valuable, and effective ideas for addressing challenges and creating new opportunities. In the twenty-first century, marked by rapid technological advancements, globalization, and increasing social and economic complexities, creative thinking has become an essential skill for personal, professional, and societal development. It plays a vital role in fostering innovation, enhancing problem-solving capabilities, and supporting adaptability in dynamic environments. This article explores the concept of creative thinking and examines its major theoretical foundations, including cognitive, motivational, and socio-cultural perspectives. It further analyzes the relationship between creative thinking and innovation, highlighting its contribution to scientific discoveries, technological advancements, organizational success, and economic growth. The article also discusses the significance of creativity in effective problem-solving and its role in education, workplace effectiveness, and human development. By encouraging originality, flexibility, and lifelong learning, creative thinking empowers individuals to respond constructively to emerging challenges and opportunities. The study concludes that creative thinking is not merely an intellectual skill but a crucial catalyst for innovation, sustainable development, and human progress in an increasingly interconnected world.
Keywords: Creative Thinking, Innovation, Problem-Solving, Critical Thinking, Human Development, Creativity, Education.
Page No: 86-93
Author: Tripti Kumari & Dr. Rashmi Raikumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200012
Abstract: Arthur Miller is widely recognized as one of the most influential American dramatists of the twentieth century. His plays explore the complexities of human relationships, social expectations, morality, and the consequences of pursuing unattainable dreams. Among his major works, Death of a Salesman (1949) occupies a significant place in modern drama for its critique of the American Dream and its portrayal of family dynamics. Although the play primarily focuses on Willy Loman’s struggles and failures, the female characters play a crucial role in shaping the narrative and revealing the emotional and social realities of American society. This study examines the role of women in Death of a Salesman, particularly through the characters of Linda Loman and Miss Forsythe. Employing feminist literary criticism as a theoretical framework, the article explores how women function as caregivers, moral anchors, emotional supporters, and symbols of resistance within a patriarchal society. The study argues that despite their limited presence on stage, female characters significantly influence the development of the plot and provide insight into the gender expectations and social constraints of post-war America. Through their resilience, sacrifice, and emotional strength, women emerge as indispensable figures whose contributions sustain family structures and challenge traditional notions of female passivity.
Keywords: Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman, Women, Feminism, Linda Loman, Patriarchy, Gender Roles, American Dream.
Page No: 94-101
Author: Ranjit Baidya
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200013
Abstract: The family is the first and most influential social institution in a child’s life, playing a crucial role in shaping cognitive, emotional, social, and educational development. The quality of the family environment significantly affects students’ learning experiences, academic performance, motivation, behavior, and overall educational outcomes. A supportive and nurturing family environment promotes positive attitudes toward learning, enhances self-confidence, and encourages academic achievement, whereas adverse family conditions may hinder educational progress and personal development. This article explores the concept of family environment, its major dimensions, theoretical foundations, and its influence on student learning. The study further examines the roles of parental involvement, socio-economic status, family relationships, home learning environment, and parenting styles in shaping educational outcomes. The article concludes that creating a positive family environment is essential for fostering academic success and holistic development among learners.
Keywords: Family Environment, Student Learning, Academic Achievement, Parental Involvement, Home Environment, Educational Development, Parenting Styles.
Page No: 102-108
Author: Dr. Sheetal Verma
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200014
Abstract: Teacher education occupies a pivotal position in shaping the quality of education and preparing competent teachers capable of responding to the dynamic demands of the twenty-first century. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has introduced a transformative vision for teacher education in India by emphasizing holistic, multidisciplinary, and competency-based approaches to teacher preparation. In the context of rapid technological advancements, increasing diversity in classrooms, and changing societal expectations, there is a growing need to redefine teacher education to align with contemporary educational demands. This conceptual paper critically examines the changing landscape of teacher education in India in the light of NEP 2020 and explores the emerging paradigms necessary for developing professionally competent and socially responsible teachers. The paper discusses the key provisions of NEP 2020 related to teacher education, including multidisciplinary institutions, integrated teacher education programmes, experiential learning, and the integration of technology and Indian Knowledge Systems. It further highlights the essential competencies required by contemporary teachers, such as digital literacy, critical thinking, creativity, inclusivity, ethical values, and lifelong learning. The paper argues that teacher education must move beyond traditional content-oriented approaches and adopt learner-centered, reflective, and practice-based models that foster innovation and professional excellence. Furthermore, it identifies major challenges in implementing NEP 2020, including infrastructural constraints, inadequate professional development opportunities, and resistance to change. In response, the study proposes strategic measures for strengthening teacher education through curriculum reforms, capacity building, technological integration, and collaborative partnerships. The paper concludes that redefining teacher education in accordance with NEP 2020 and contemporary educational realities is essential for preparing future-ready teachers and ensuring quality, equitable, and sustainable education in India. Such transformation has the potential to contribute significantly to national development and the realization of educational goals in the twenty-first century.
Keywords: Teacher Education, National Education Policy 2020, Contemporary Educational Demands, Professional Competencies, Educational Transformation.
Page No: 109-120
Author: Dr. Dhirendra Nath Ghosh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200015
Abstract: The Delhi Sultanate was one of the most significant political powers in medieval Indian history and played an important role in the development of centralized administration and governance. This study examines the political and administrative structure of the Delhi Sultanate with special focus on kingship, central and provincial administration, military organization, judicial system and revenue administration. The Sultan was the supreme authority and controlled political, military and judicial functions through various administrative departments such as Diwan-i-Wizarat, Diwan-i-Arz and Diwan-iInsha. The iqta system became an important institution for maintaining military and administrative control over provinces. The study also analyzes the role of nobles, ulema and provincial governors in governance and political stability. Major rulers such as Iltutmish, Balban and Alauddin Khalji introduced reforms that strengthened administration and military power (Chandra, 2007). The research further highlights the challenges faced by the Sultanate, including Mongol invasions, noble conflicts and provincial revolts, which eventually contributed to its decline. The study concludes that the administrative institutions and political practices of the Delhi Sultanate had a lasting influence on later medieval Indian governance, especially the Mughal Empire, and played a major role in shaping Indian political history (Jackson, 1999).
Keywords: Delhi Sultanate, Central Administration, Iqta System, Military Administration, Medieval Indian Governance.
Page No: 121-135
Author: Shohidul Islam
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/030200016
Abstract: The transgender community constitutes one of the most marginalized and vulnerable social groups in contemporary society. Despite increasing legal recognition and policy initiatives aimed at protecting transgender rights, social exclusion, discrimination, economic deprivation, and limited access to education and healthcare continue to affect their quality of life. The present study explores the social acceptance and socio-economic status of the transgender community through a case study approach. The study examines various dimensions of transgender life, including family acceptance, educational attainment, employment opportunities, income generation, healthcare accessibility, and social participation. Data collected through interviews, observations, and secondary sources reveal that while societal attitudes toward transgender individuals have shown gradual improvement in recent years, substantial barriers remain. The findings indicate that lack of social acceptance directly influences educational opportunities, employment prospects, and economic well-being. The study highlights the need for inclusive policies, awareness campaigns, educational reforms, and employment opportunities to ensure the social and economic empowerment of transgender persons. The research contributes to the growing body of literature on gender diversity and social justice by providing insights into the lived experiences of transgender individuals and the challenges they face in achieving equality and dignity.
Keywords: Transgender Community, Social Acceptance, Socio-Economic Status, Gender Identity, Social Inclusion, Marginalization, Empowerment.
Page No: 136-144