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C4 Photosynthesis Evolution in Poaceae: Lessons from the Past and Present

Author: Debasish Maity Abstract: The Poaceae family had been recognized as one of the most ecologically and economically important plant groups, with C4 photosynthesis representing a key evolutionary innovation that enhanced adaptation to high temperatures, water scarcity, and low atmospheric CO₂. This study had examined the evolutionary trends of C4 photosynthesis in Poaceae by integrating […]

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Socio-Political Challenges Faced by Women Representatives from Bengal in the Constituent Assembly of India

Author: Koushik Shaw Abstract: The drafting of the Indian Constitution (1946–1949) is frequently analyzed through a male-centric lens, often obscuring the substantive contributions of the fifteen women who served in the Constituent Assembly. This study focuses specifically on the representatives from Bengal, such as Renuka Ray and Leela Roy, to identify the unique socio-political barriers

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Impact of Chromium Toxicity on Freshwater Fish: Mechanisms of Bioaccumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Tissue-Level Damage

Author: Pralay Mahapatra & Dr. Aashi Dixit Abstract: Chromium (Cr) is a widely used industrial metal that has emerged as a significant aquatic pollutant due to its extensive application in tanning, electroplating, dye, textile, and metallurgical industries. In freshwater ecosystems, chromium occurs predominantly in trivalent [Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)] forms, with the latter being highly

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A Study on Challenges in Implementing ICT in the Higher Secondary Schools in Rural West Bengal

Author: Sujay Maiti Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized various aspects of modern society, including education. Its potential to enhance learning experiences, promote interactive engagement, and provide access to a wealth of digital resources has been widely acknowledged. In the context of higher secondary education, where students are preparing for higher education and

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Perceptions, Attitudes and Aspirations of the Oraon Community towards Education in West Bengal

Author: Mrs. Ruchira Barai & Professor (Dr.) Prokash Biswas Abstract: Education has emerged as a crucial instrument for social inclusion and empowerment among historically marginalized communities, particularly Scheduled Tribes in India. The Oraon community, one of the major tribal groups in eastern India, has experienced prolonged educational disadvantage shaped by historical displacement, economic marginalization, cultural

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Indian Medicine & Life Sciences: Philosophical Foundations, Scientific Practices and Contemporary Relevance

Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul Abstract: Indian Medicine and Life Sciences represent one of the world’s most comprehensive and enduring knowledge traditions devoted to health, longevity, and holistic well-being. Rooted in philosophical principles and empirical observation, systems such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Siddha, and traditional biological sciences demonstrate sophisticated understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and ecology.

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Education, Employment, and Empowerment: Pathways to Women’s Autonomy in a Globalized World

Author: Dr. Arfi Anjoon Abstract: Women’s autonomy in the contemporary globalized world is intricately linked to education, employment, and empowerment initiatives. Education equips women with knowledge, skills, and critical awareness, enabling informed decision-making and increased participation in social, economic, and political spheres (Sen, 1999; Kabeer, 1999). Employment fosters financial independence, enhances bargaining power, and strengthens

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Cultural Diversity and Folk Heritage of Paschim Medinipur: Challenges and Prospects

Author: Sk Aptafuddin Ahmed & Dr. Sushma Gari Abstract: The district of Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal, India, is known for its rich cultural diversity and vibrant folk heritage. This paper examines the varied cultural traditions of the region and explores both the challenges facing its folk heritage and prospects for preservation and revitalization. Using

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E-Learning and Digital Platforms: Redefining the Future of Education

Author: Dr. Rina Mondal Abstract: The rapid evolution of information and communication technology has profoundly transformed education, reshaping the ways in which knowledge is imparted, acquired, and assessed. E-learning and digital platforms have emerged as central to this transformation, offering flexible, interactive, and accessible learning environments that transcend geographical and temporal boundaries. E-learning encompasses online

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Inquiry-Based Learning as a Catalyst for Critical Thinking Development in Contemporary Education

Author: Anirban Khatua Abstract: In the rapidly evolving landscape of modern education, the development of critical thinking skills has become an essential objective of teaching and learning processes. Traditional instructional approaches that emphasize memorization and passive learning are increasingly being replaced by learner-centered pedagogies that promote inquiry, exploration, and analytical reasoning. Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) has

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