January 16, 2026

Author: Diwakar Prasad Baranwal DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400021 Abstract: Fuzzy algebra has emerged as a powerful extension of classical algebraic systems by incorporating graded membership and uncertainty. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the development of fuzzy algebra, focusing on fuzzy groups, fuzzy rings, and fuzzy algebraic logic structures such as BCK, BCI, and […]

Author: Madhumita Ghosh DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400022 Abstract: The empowerment of women remains a critical concern in India’s socio-economic development discourse, particularly in districts like Hooghly, West Bengal, where traditional norms coexist with modern aspirations. This study titled “Empowerment through Participation: A Study of Women’s Access to Education, Employment, and Decision Making in Hooghly District” seeks

Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400023 Abstract: Assessment systems play a decisive role in shaping teaching–learning processes and learner outcomes. For decades, the Indian education system has been dominated by high-stakes, summative examinations that emphasize rote memorization over conceptual understanding and real-world application. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 proposes a comprehensive transformation

Author: Sameem Ansari DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400024 Abstract: Mahatma Gandhi, the architect of India’s non-violent independence struggle, extended his vision of social, economic, and political reform across diverse regions of India, including the area that constitutes modern-day Jharkhand. Known for his philosophy of Satyagraha, nonviolence (Ahimsa), and constructive work (Gram Swaraj), Gandhi’s engagement with Jharkhand was

Author: Bisakha Baidya DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400025 Abstract: This article examines the dynamics of tribal politics and internal inequality among selected Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal, including the Santhals, Oraons, Mundas, and Bhumij. While tribal politics has historically centered on struggles for recognition, land rights, and socio-economic justice, the study argues that tribal communities are not

Author: Chandrani Roy DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400026 Abstract: This study explores the development of Buddhist monasticism in Bengal during the Pāla Dynasty (750–1179 AD) and its profound impact on the broader Buddhist world. The Pāla rulers played a crucial role in establishing and supporting Buddhist monastic institutions such as Nalanda, Vikramashila, and Odantapuri, which became global

Author: Dr. Masadul Islam DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400027 Abstract: There is no denying that the hegemonic diffusion of American soft power and linguistic imperialism across the globe have exerted a formidable influence in the last few decades. American English has become a global vernacular. This phenomenon has precipitated profound socio-linguistic transformations and challenges across diverse linguistic

Author: Debdatta Maity DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400028 Abstract: Quality assurance and academic standards are central to the effectiveness of teacher education programmes offered by private B.Ed. colleges in West Bengal. These institutions play an important role in preparing future teachers, but maintaining consistent academic quality remains a major concern. This study aims to examine the existing

Author: Shilpi Das DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400029 Abstract: Subhas Chandra Bose’s political philosophy, forged during India’s struggle for independence, focused on nationalism, self-reliance, and strong centralized leadership. His approach, which included advocating for armed resistance, economic autonomy, and unity among India’s diverse communities, was shaped by global political ideologies such as socialism, fascism, and anti-colonial nationalism.

Author: Shakya Singha Guria DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/PP/020400030 Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved from rule-based symbolic reasoning systems to highly adaptive learning models capable of solving complex, real-world problems. However, real-world environments are inherently uncertain, imprecise, nonlinear, and dynamic. Classical computational paradigms, often termed “hard computing,” rely on exact logic, binary truth values, and deterministic